Self Assembly

Self-assembly is a method of constructing devices and machines whose dimensions are measured in nanometers. The Self Assembling structure is formed by a competition between short-range attractive and long-range repulsive interactions that leads to stabilization of domains with characteristic feature dimensions.

two dimensional self assembly:
Most of the papers published today are dealing with films in monolayer scale. And themodynamic properties of domain structures resulting from competing interactions has been the subject of many theoretical studies. Quantitative information on the forces that drive pattern formation is lacking because it is difficult to measure forces on the length scale of self-assembly directly.

Three dimensional self assembly:
Only a few papers reported self assembling structure in 3 dimensions. Not to mention the theory studies and quantitative studies.